What are the differences between art schools and universities?

Universities tend to train those who wish to discuss or manage art, or to work as cultural mediators (theorists, art critics, directors/managers of cultural venues and theater companies, etc.).

Schools tend to train those who wish to create art or practise a creative profession (all ‘creatives’, artists, designers, interior designers, fashion designers, etc.).

Public universities and art schools award Licences, Masters and Doctorates.

Public schools award ‘titles’ or ‘certificates’ that the CNCP (Commission Nationale de Certification Professionnelle) classifies into 5 levels. See:
www.campusart.org/accueil/catalogue/les-etudes-et-diplomes-dart